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Church Ope Cove is a small secluded beach on the sheltered eastern side of the Isle of Portland in Dorset, southern England.〔(Church Ope Cove ), (Dorset Beaches ).〕 It is found close to the village of Wakeham. The beach has many unusual features for the Isle of Portland. The beach used to be sandy, but quarry debris now covers the sand, and has been worn into rounded pebbles. The pebbles cover a small stream which runs to the sea, which is one of the few active streams remaining on the Isle of Portland. ==History== In 789 AD, the first recorded Viking attack within British Isles, including Ireland, occurred on Portland's coast. It is believed that Church Ope Cove was the location.〔Official Church Ope Cove and East Weares information board at cove viewpoint area〕 The exposed location was later defended by the Norman 12th-century Rufus Castle, built on the cliff-top overlooking the beach. The remaining castle seen today dates from the late 15th-century. The cove's area was also used for the building of Portland's first parish church, St Andrews Church, which was probably first established above the cove by the Saxons. Between 1797-1800, John Penn, Governor of Portland and grandson of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, had the Gothic revival mansion Pennsylvania Castle built on a platform above the cove. During the early 19th-century he had a bath built below the gardens of his castle, known as John Penn's Bath. However when it was completed, the Court Leet demanded an annual rent for its use after it was built on Common Land. Penn refused to pay, and the bath was abandoned, with the remains still in existence today. Penn's servants would have been tasked with bringing water up from the cove to the bath.〔http://www.geoffkirby.co.uk/Portland/Bath/〕 Portland had a large history of smuggling, and Church Ope Cove was one of the famous smuggling beaches. Into the 20th-century, fishing was still an industry that used the beach for the launching of boats.〔http://www.geoffkirby.co.uk/PortlandArchivePictures/html/fishing.html〕 For decades, an old rusting hand winch has been left lying on the beach, and is a reminder of the fishing trade.〔http://www.geoffkirby.co.uk/Portland/695710/〕 As part of the anti-invasion measures during World War II, two pillboxes were constructed to look over Church Ope Cove. In addition to these pillboxes, a minefield was placed at the back of the cove. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Church Ope Cove」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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